Katharine Hepburn

Katharine Hepburn was born in 1907 in Hartford, Connecticut, to a socially prominent, progressive family; her mother was a suffragist and birth-control advocate, and Hepburn credited this upbringing for her lifelong independence from Hollywood convention. She began on stage and entered film in 1932 with A Bill of Divorcement, winning her first Academy Award for Best Actress just two years later for Morning Glory (1933). Her collaborations with Cary Grant span some of the most celebrated comedies of the studio era: Sylvia Scarlett (1935), directed by George Cukor, in which Hepburn spent much of the film disguised as a boy; Bringing Up Baby (1938), directed by Howard Hawks, now regarded as a defining screwball comedy though it was a box-office disappointment on release; Holiday (1938), also directed by Cukor; and The Philadelphia Story (1940), which reunited her with Cukor and paired her with both Grant and James Stewart, reviving her career after she had been controversially labeled "box office poison" by exhibitors in 1938. Hepburn went on to a decades-long professional and personal partnership with Spencer Tracy, appearing in nine films together including Adam's Rib (1949) and Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), and she ultimately won a record four Academy Awards for Best Actress — for Morning Glory, Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981) — a mark no other performer has matched. She died in 2003 in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Hepburn is remembered as the actress who most successfully resisted the studio system's demands on women, maintaining independence in dress, romance, and career choices across seven decades, and her four films with Cary Grant remain central texts of American screen comedy.